In the annals of World War I, the 332nd Infantry Regiment from Ohio holds a unique position. While most remember battles on the Western Front, few know about this singular American unit’s contribution to the war effort in Italy, where they played a crucial role in bringing an end to hostilities.
Established on August 30, 1917, at Camp Sherman, Ohio, the regiment consisted of men from Cleveland, Akron, and Youngstown. They endured rigorous training in harsh winter conditions at Camp Perry, Ohio, preparing to join the battlefields of France. However, fate had a different plan for these soldiers.
A Unique Deployment
General John Pershing, who was keen on keeping American forces concentrated on the Western Front, initially resisted deployment elsewhere. Yet, Italy’s dire situation following the disastrous Battle of Caporetto in October 1917, which saw Italian forces overwhelmed and pushed back to the Piave River, prompted a change. Pershing agreed to send one regiment to Italy, a symbolic gesture meant to boost Italian morale and intimidate the Austrians.
The 332nd was selected for this mission, an honor that Colonel William Wallace, a seasoned Spanish-American War veteran, described as a prized assignment. In June 1918, the regiment embarked on the RMS Aquitania from New York, arriving first in France, where they were reviewed by Pershing and French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau before receiving their orders to move to Italy.
Deception and Strategy
Upon their arrival in northern Italy in late July 1918, the 332nd was tasked with a strategic deception operation. Stationed away from the frontline, they engaged in daily marches designed to mislead Austrian observers into believing that large American forces were arriving in Italy. This ruse, involving battalions wearing different uniforms and taking varied routes, successfully convinced the Austrians of a massive American presence, estimated at six divisions strong.
The effect was twofold: it bolstered Italian spirits and caused the Austrians to act cautiously due to the perceived threat. Italian General Armando Diaz celebrated their arrival, stating, “These strong troops have come today to fight by our side.”
Combat and Victory
On October 24, 1918, as part of the Vittorio Veneto offensive, the 332nd finally saw combat. Attached to the Italian 31st Division, they pursued retreating Austrian forces. The regiment’s advance was swift, overcoming Austrian defenses at the Tagliamento River.
Their efforts culminated in the capture of Codroipo, a strategic town with crucial supply depots. The Armistice of Villa Giusti soon followed, marking the end of hostilities on the Italian Front.
An Overlooked Legacy
Despite their success, the 332nd Infantry Regiment faded from American memory. Their strategic deception and brief combat role were overshadowed by larger battles elsewhere. Although they played a pivotal role in the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, political and historical factors left their contributions largely unrecognized.
Today, a small museum in Vittorio Veneto and initiatives by descendants attempt to preserve their story. Their unique mission and achievements, however, remain a testament to their bravery and strategic importance during World War I.
