Florida has become a focal point for a range of unresolved legal issues that are expected to gain attention in 2026. From controversial detention centers to book bans, these cases have sparked debates and await crucial decisions. Here’s a look at 10 significant legal matters unfolding in the Sunshine State:
Alligator Alcatraz
Dubbed “Alligator Alcatraz,” an immigrant detention center in the Everglades has been the subject of multiple legal challenges. The 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals is set to hear a case in April regarding alleged breaches of federal environmental law, alongside other disputes concerning detainees’ rights and public record transparency.
Book Fights
Litigation has arisen as publishing companies, authors, and parents contest the removal of books from school libraries, citing alleged inappropriate content. This includes a case at the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals challenging a 2023 state law and two lawsuits against the Escambia County School Board’s decisions on book access.
Guns
The U.S. Supreme Court is considering whether to review the NRA’s challenge to a Florida law that prohibits individuals under 21 from purchasing rifles and long guns. This comes nearly eight years after the law was enacted following the Parkland school shooting. Notably, Florida Attorney General James Uthmeier has opted not to defend the law.
Immigration
In October, the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals heard arguments on a law imposing state-level crimes on undocumented immigrants entering Florida. A U.S. district judge previously issued a preliminary injunction, suggesting potential conflicts with federal immigration authority, with a decision pending from the appellate panel.
Marijuana
After failing to pass a constitutional amendment in 2024 to legalize recreational marijuana, Smart & Safe Florida is aiming for a 2026 ballot. However, they must first secure enough signatures and gain Florida Supreme Court approval for the ballot language, amid opposition from Gov. Ron DeSantis and Attorney General James Uthmeier.
Social Media Platforms
In 2026, a U.S. district judge is anticipated to rule on a 2021 Florida law that restricts social media sites from banning political candidates. This legislation faced challenges from tech industry groups after platforms like Facebook and Twitter, now X, banned President Donald Trump following the January 6 Capitol riot.
Social Media Restrictions
With concerns over social media’s impact on children’s mental health, Florida passed a 2024 law barring children under 14 from creating accounts on certain platforms. Parental consent is required for 14- and 15-year-olds. Industry groups, supported by a district judge, have filed a First Amendment challenge, now under review by the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.
Transgender Issues
Florida’s recent measures affecting transgender individuals have led to legal battles. The 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals is examining the constitutionality of state laws limiting treatments for gender dysphoria and is reviewing a ban on Medicaid coverage for hormone therapy and puberty blockers.
Utility Rates
The Florida Supreme Court is being petitioned by the state’s Office of Public Counsel and consumer groups to challenge Tampa Electric Co.’s base-rate hikes approved in 2025. Furthermore, these groups are likely to oppose a Florida Power & Light base-rate settlement ratified in November.
Wetlands
A pivotal case involving the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia questions whether the EPA improperly delegated wetlands permitting authority to Florida in 2020. While a U.S. district judge supported conservation groups contesting the transfer, Florida and business groups argue in favor of state control.
